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Course Outline

I. Introduction and Preliminaries

1. Overview

  • Making R more accessible: R and available Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
  • RStudio
  • Related software and documentation resources
  • The relationship between R and statistics
  • Interactive use of R
  • An introductory session
  • Obtaining help for functions and features
  • R commands, case sensitivity, and related conventions
  • Recalling and correcting previous commands
  • Executing commands from files or redirecting output to files
  • Data persistence and removing objects
  • Best practices in programming: creating self-contained scripts, ensuring readability (e.g., structured scripts, documentation, markdown)
  • Installing packages; understanding CRAN and Bioconductor

2. Reading Data

  • Text files (using read.delim)
  • CSV files

3. Basic Manipulations; Numbers, Vectors, and Arrays

  • Vectors and assignment operations
  • Vector arithmetic
  • Generating regular sequences
  • Logical vectors
  • Handling missing values
  • Character vectors
  • Index vectors: selecting and modifying subsets of a dataset
    • Arrays
  • Array indexing and accessing subsections
  • Index matrices
  • The array() function and simple operations on arrays (e.g., multiplication, transposition)
  • Other object types

4. Lists and Data Frames

  • Lists
  • Constructing and modifying lists
    • Concatenating lists
  • Data Frames
    • Creating data frames
    • Working with data frames
    • Attaching arbitrary lists
    • Managing the search path

5. Data Manipulation

  • Selecting, subsetting observations and variables
  • Filtering and grouping
  • Recoding and transformations
  • Aggregation and combining datasets
  • Forming partitioned matrices, using cbind() and rbind()
  • The concatenation function with arrays
  • Character manipulation using the stringr package
  • Introduction to grep and regexpr

6. Additional Data Reading Techniques

  • XLS and XLSX files
  • readr and readxl packages
  • SPSS, SAS, Stata, and other data formats
  • Exporting data to txt, csv, and other formats

7. Grouping, Loops, and Conditional Execution

  • Grouped expressions
  • Control statements
  • Conditional execution: if statements
  • Repetitive execution: for loops, repeat, and while
  • Introduction to apply, lapply, sapply, and tapply

8. Functions

  • Creating functions
  • Optional arguments and default values
  • Handling variable numbers of arguments
  • Scope and its implications

9. Simple Graphics in R

  • Creating a Graph
  • Density Plots
  • Dot Plots
  • Bar Plots
  • Line Charts
  • Pie Charts
  • Boxplots
  • Scatter Plots
  • Combining Plots

II. Statistical Analysis in R

1. Probability Distributions

  • R as a repository of statistical tables
  • Examining the distribution of a dataset

2. Hypothesis Testing

  • Tests regarding a Population Mean
  • Likelihood Ratio Test
  • One- and two-sample tests
  • Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test
  • Kolmogorov-Smirnov One-Sample Statistic
  • Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
  • Two-Sample Test
  • Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
  • Mann-Whitney Test
  • Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test

3. Multiple Hypothesis Testing

  • Type I Error and False Discovery Rate (FDR)
  • ROC curves and AUC
  • Multiple Testing Procedures (Benjamini-Hochberg, Bonferroni, etc.)

4. Linear Regression Models

  • Generic functions for extracting model information
  • Updating fitted models
  • Generalized Linear Models (GLMs)
    • Families
    • The glm() function
  • Classification
    • Logistic Regression
    • Linear Discriminant Analysis
  • Unsupervised Learning
    • Principal Components Analysis (PCA)
    • Clustering Methods (k-means, hierarchical clustering, k-medoids)

5. Survival Analysis (using the survival package)

  • Survival objects in R
  • Kaplan-Meier estimate, log-rank test, parametric regression
  • Confidence bands
  • Analysis of censored (interval censored) data
  • Cox PH models with constant covariates
  • Cox PH models with time-dependent covariates
  • Simulation: Model comparison (Comparing regression models)

6. Analysis of Variance

  • One-Way ANOVA
  • Two-Way Classification of ANOVA
  • Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)

III. Worked Problems in Bioinformatics

  • Short introduction to the limma package
  • Microarray data analysis workflow
  • Data download from GEO: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE1397
  • Data processing (Quality Control, normalization, differential expression)
  • Volcano plots
  • Clustering examples and heatmaps
 28 Hours

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